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back-budding
back-budding occurs when new buds appear on "old" wood. Many trees
will back-bud as the result of pruning or after a trunk chop.
bonsai
the Japanese word which roughly translated means "planted in a
tray". The term to describe the art of emulating nature with living
plants. Growing trees in small pots in such a way that they appear to be
very old trees.
deciduous trees
usually hardwood trees, such as maples or elms, which drop there
leaves in the Fall and go through a state of dormancy over the Winter.
Bald Cypress and Dawn Redwood are examples of deciduous conifers.
dormant or dormancy
a period of time in which plants "rest" during the Winter months.
Temperate plants, such as maples, hornbeams, and elms need time to rest
in order to build up strength for the next growing season, much like
people need sleep at the end of the day. Lack of a dormant period will
ultimately lead to the death of temperate trees.
potensai
also referred to as "pre-bonsai", this term refers to trees in
training but not in Bonsai pots. Potensai are either grown in larger
training pots or in the ground until the trunk grows to the desired
thickness. Some styling has been started, as well as root pruning.
pruning
the act of trimming back new growth in order to maintain or direct
new growth. Severe pruning entails removal of larger branches.
root rot
a condition that occurs usually when trees are over-watered. The
roots stay too wet resulting in a decaying root system. The roots are
typically brown or black in this condition, and should be removed to
protect the health of the tree. Symptoms are usually yellowing foliage
and poor growth. Unfortunately, when symptoms are visible, severe damage
may already have occurred.
trunk chopping
trunk chopping involves the process of severely cutting back the
trunk of a tree. This is usually carried out when the trunk of a
pre-bonsai has been grown to the desired thickness. The tree may be in
excess of 4 feet or taller when trunk chopped. After the trunk chop, the
focus on the pre-bonsai is the development and ramification of branches.
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